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When there is a bleeding into the loose tissues in eyelids, the eye becomes black. The intra-dermal bleeding is seen as black or blue. As the eyelid is loose, the bleeding will turn the eyelids. As the forehead, nose and cheek skin are rather thick, the blood will not go there. Therefore, the black eye is a symptom of a heavy trauma enough to injure the blood vessel. Many traumas do not cause injury to the eye as it is protected in an eye socket. However, a black eye signifies a trauma, which may have affected the eye as well. If there is blurring in sight, you should immediately apply to a doctor. In such conditions, the blurring will point to a bleeding in the eye.

1- Everybody can have a fly or a dust in their eyes. The most important point here is not to rub the eye. The foreign substance may scratch the cornea. Usually, the irritation can removed with the watering of the eye, so that the foreign substance will be removed. Blinking will also help. If these methods do not work, first aid is necessary. The person applying the first aid should first determine where the foreign substance is in the eye. Regarding the treatment, the particle can be in the transparent or the white part of the eye. These positions require different treatments.

2- The person that makes the first aid should not touch the particle that sank into the cornea. If the particle is sunk so much that it cannot be removed by blinking, local anesthesia may be necessary. Cornea is very sensitive to touching and pain. However, such a foreign substance injures the surface and increases the infection risk. The infection risk can be decreased through antibiotic treatment. Therefore, for a significant scratch and a foreign substance that was sunk, the person should see a doctor. Cornea infections may lead to severe damages that lead to sight loss.

3- If the dust is in the white part of the eye (conjunctiva) you may solve the problem without applying to the doctor. Conjunctiva is very resistant to infections and minor scratches do not cause serious damage. All you have to do is to remove the foreign substance with the tip of a paper or cloth. This does not cause much pain. The irritation should stop as soon as the particle is removed. While you pull the lower lid, the patient can help you with looking upwards. This position will help you see the whole lower part of the conjunctiva. Because of gravitation, most foreign substances are in the lower part of the conjunctiva. However, sometimes the particle is in the upper part. It is harder to take these particles out. While you are pulling the upper lid, tell the patient to look down. Sometimes the foreign substance is in the middle part of the lid. You should turn the lid backwards to take this particle. If the irritation persists and you cannot see a problem, a doctor should be seen.

4- If the foreign substance slipped into the eye while the patient is hitting a metal with metal, a small steel particle might have gone into the eye. This injury cannot be seen on the surface. Sometimes, there is no pain either. In such injuries, the patient must be careful and do such things while wearing protective eyeglasses.

A glass particle, a sharp fiber, a thong or a metal part is very dangerous for the eye. Even if the hole is very small in the eye, it may lead to inflammation and blindness through letting bacteria in. A larger hole will let the sensitive semi-liquid structures of the eye out. Applying pressure to such eyes will cause disasters through letting these structures out more easily.

If there is such a scratch in the eye, there will be bleeding and the liquid goes out from the hole. Do not rub or apply pressure to an eye that was scratched. Do not let the patient to rub the eye. If the patient applies pressure while doing that, the eye will be drained. A doctor should be immediately seen.

If a strong chemical substance (for example battery acid, nitric acid, laboratory or industrial solvents, poisons, lime salt) is thrown at the transparent part of the eye (cornea) the normal transparency of the cornea becomes deformed quickly. In minutes (and f the substance is too strong in seconds) the sensitive cells of the cornea get burned. In other parts of the body, when there is a serious injury, healing is possible with solely leaving a scar. You all know a scar formed on the skin after a deep cut or a burn. If you think about a scar formed on the cornea, you would understand how it will make the eye blind. You should wash the eye immediately and remove the chemical substance. If you don’t do that, permanent blindness will develop in the eye in a few minutes. Wash the eye with normal water. Do not look for an antidote. Turn the face of the patient up and pour the water into the eye. Naturally, the patient will not like this and the pain of the burn and the irritation caused by the cold water will lead the patient to close the eyes. You should pull the eyelids to keep the eye open. Do not apply pressure on the eye or eyelids. Apply pressure on the eyebrows or the cheek. Tell the patient the importance of washing. If there is a strong alkali in question, you should wash the eye for at least 15 minutes. In insignificant burns, you do not need to wash the eye for so long. However, a few minutes are not enough to remove a seriously dangerous substance.

Suppose that you could not find any water. You can also use another liquid that does not cause irritation. If you can drink it without irritation, you can also use it to wash the eye in an emergency. Milk, non-alcoholic drinks, orange juice, chocolate milk will work in such situations.

Do not look for the antidote of the chemical substance. For example in alkali burn you may think that vinegar will work and in acid burn you may think that mineral water will be useful. However the time spent to look for the antidote will cause damage to the eye. Do not go to the doctor before finishing the 15-minute washing.

Medical Doctor (MD): Is trained and experienced about antibiotics, anesthetics, allergy treatment and other medical care. Makes surgeries and diagnoses injuries and cancer. The doctors with no specialization education can also treat most of the minor eye problems.

Ophthalmologist: Is a doctor that was specialized on eye. Has a lot of experience about the treatment of eye problems and you can apply to him/her for the treatment of any eye problem. Is the best expert in this field.

Optician: Gives eyeglasses. Do not make the necessary measurements for the appropriate lens. All the optician does is putting the lens that was suggested by ophthalmologist or optometrist to the most appropriate frame for you.

Optometrist: Makes the necessary measurements for the eyeglasses. Either prescribes the degree of the lens or makes the eyeglasses for you. Did not get medical training.